This research takes an in-depth look into the concept of military justice and its institutes. It examines multiple systems of military justice worldwide, exploring their relationship to civilian criminal justice systems. It gives particular attention to the core aspects of military justice, such as military police, military prosecution, and military courts, as well as offers insights into best practices in the field in the examples of Ukraine, Switzerland, Poland, and other countries.

Moreover, it assesses the need for effective oversight and limited jurisdiction in contemporary military justice systems employed in modern Western democracies.