This Practice Note was produced by DCAF in its capacity as the Chair of the Security Sector Reform Working Group (SSR WG) of the Partnership for Peace Consortium (PfPC). The note reviews the theory and history of Military Justice in the context of Eastern and Central Europe, as well as countries of the Former Soviet Union and aims to assist practitioners in related reform processes by outlining the guiding principles of Military Justice and providing comparative analysis of legal models in various areas, including the judiciary. The note is primarily addressed at parliamentarians, civil servants, legal experts, nongovernmental organisations and other actors involved in drafting or amending military justice legislation, as well as, security officials, researchers, students, and anyone interested in security sector legislation.